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Nurses And Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

22nursingcareer@comcast.

By Kate Loving Shenk Category: 0

Submit your Articles Here!

22nursingcareer@comcast.net.

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Kate Loving Shenk
http://www.nursingcareertransformation.com

Nurses And Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is an anxiety disorder
that can develop after exposure to one or more terrifying
events in which grave physical harm occurred or was
threatened.

It is a severe and ongoing emotional reaction to an extreme
psychological trauma. This stressor may involve someone's
actual death or a threat to the patient's or someone else's
life, serious physical injury, or threat to physical and/or
psychological integrity, to a degree that usual
psychological defenses are incapable of coping. In some
cases it can also be from profound psychological and
emotional trauma, apart from any actual physical harm.
Often times, however, the two are combined.

PTSD is a condition distinct from Traumatic stress, which
is of less intensity and duration, and combat stress
reaction, which is transitory. PTSD has also been
recognized in the past as shell shock, traumatic war
neurosis, or post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS).

PTSD is believed to be caused by psychological trauma.
Possible sources of trauma includes experiencing or
witnessing childhood or adult physical, emotional or sexual
abuse. In addition, experiencing or witnessing an event
perceived as life-threatening such as physical assault,
adult experiences of sexual assault, accidents, drug
addiction, illnesses, medical complications, or the
experience of, or employment in occupations exposed to war
(such as soldiers) or disaster (such as emergency service
workers).

Traumatic events that may cause PTSD symptoms to develop
include violent assault, kidnapping, torture, being a
hostage, prisoner of war or concentration camp victim,
experiencing a disaster, bad car accidents or getting a
diagnosis of a life-threatening illness.

Children may develop PTSD symptoms by experiencing sexually
traumatic events like age inappropriate sexual experiences.
Witnessing traumatic experiences or learning about these
experiences may also cause the development of PTSD symptoms.

The amount of dissociation that follows directly after a
trauma predicts PTSD.

Individuals that are more likely to dissociate during a
traumatic event are considerably more likely to develop
chronic PTSD.

Which brings us to Nurses and PTSD.

I am a member of the "Bereavement Team" at my hospital. We
are mostly concerned with families who lose babies before
they are born, who birth dead babies or who deliver
premature live babies who subsequently die.

Yet the nurses who care for these families undergo trauma
and the more cases we have on a weekly or monthly basis,
the more severe the trauma, or dare I say, PTSD.

Our team writes personal notes to the nurses involved in
the more difficult cases, and we have a Care For The Care
Giver at our yearly Bereavement Skills Day.

Yet this may not be enough.

Even though we are recognizing the condition, a note or a
sympathetic nod will not erase the grief that a nurse often
feels in these situations.

She may have lost a pregnancy in her past; she may have
been sexually abused or raped when she was young; she may
be an Adult Child Of An Acoholic; she may have addiction
challenges herself.

She may have been raised in a war-torn country; she may
have been or is a victim of Domestic Violence; she may have
a debilitating chronic illness or perhaps someone close to
her has this.

In any event, our bereavement team can help our nurses.

Examples of PTSD Triggers

* For an auto accident survivor: The smell of gasoline

* For a combat veteran: The sound of a helicopter or
firecrackers

* For a rape victim: The sight of a person suddenly
appearing around the corner

* For a carjacking victim: The song that was playing on the
radio at the time of the assault

Symptoms of avoidance

Symptoms of avoidance are prominent in PTSD. You may
persistently avoid situations that remind you of the
traumatic event you experienced, minimize the event's
significance, or push all thoughts of it out of your mind.
Avoidance can also take the form of detachment and apathy.

Symptoms of avoidance include:

* Avoiding thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated
with the trauma

* Avoiding activities, places, or people that remind you of
the trauma

* Inability to remember important aspects of the trauma

* Loss of interest in activities and life in general

* Feeling detached or estranged from other people

* Feeling emotionally numb, especially toward loved ones

* Sense of a limited future (you don't expect to live a
normal life span, get married, have a career)

Symptoms of increased arousal

PTSD can cause you to feel and react as if you're
constantly in danger. In this state of chronic
hyperarousal, your mind and body is on constant red alert,
making it impossible to fully relax, be productive, or
enjoy life.

The PTSD symptoms of increased arousal and anxiety include:

* Difficulty falling or staying asleep

* Irritability or outbursts of anger

* Difficulty concentrating

* Hypervigilance, or being constantly "on guard"

* An exaggerated startle response, or jumpiness

Treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Treatments for PTSD relieve symptoms by helping you deal
with the trauma you've experienced. Rather than avoiding
the trauma and any reminder of it, you'll be encouraged in
treatment to recall and process the event that caused your
PTSD. In treatment for PTSD, you'll also:

* Explore your thoughts and feelings about the trauma

* Work through feelings of guilt, self-blame, and mistrust

* Learn how to cope with and control intrusive memories

* Address problems PTSD has caused in your life and
relationships

In addition to offering an outlet for emotions you may have
been bottling up, treatment for PTSD will also help restore
your sense of control and reduce the powerful hold the
memory of the trauma has on your life.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is believed to be the most
beneficial treatment for PTSD. There are several types of
cognitive-behavioral therapies.

* Exposure therapy - According to a October 2007 report
issued by the Institute of Medicine, there is strong
evidence for the effectiveness of exposure therapy in PTSD
treatment. Exposure therapy for PTSD involves carefully and
gradually "exposing" yourself to thoughts, feelings, and
situations that remind you of the trauma.

Often, you'll start by focusing on a memory that is
upsetting but still manageable, then slowly work your way
up to more upsetting memories in a process known as
systematic desensitization.

As you think about and re-experience these memories in a
safe, controlled environment, they will start to feel less
intense and overwhelming.

* Cognitive restructuring - In cognitive restructuring, the
focus of treatment is to identity upsetting thoughts about
the traumatic event'particularly thoughts that are
distorted and irrational?and replace them with more
accurate, balanced views. For example, you may blame
yourself for failing to save a fallen comrade, even if you
did everything you could. Cognitive restructuring would
help you challenge this troubling thought and learn to look
at what happened in a healthier way.

* EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) -
EMDR incorporates elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy
with eye movements or other forms of rhythmic, left-right
stimulation, such as hand taps or sounds. For example, in
EMDR therapy you might talk about the traumatic event while
following your therapist's finger back and forth with your
eyes.

Eye movements and other bilateral forms of stimulation are
thought to work by "unfreezing" the brain's information
processing system, which is interrupted in times of extreme
stress, leaving only frozen emotional fragments which
retain their original intensity. Once EMDR frees these
fragments of the trauma, they can be integrated into a
cohesive memory and processed.

* EFT: Tapping on strategic pressure points while at the
same time, saying phrases that release the anxiety
associated with the trauma.

Positive ways of coping with PTSD include:

* Learning about trauma and PTSD.

* Joining a PTSD support group

* Practicing relaxation techniques

* Confiding in a person you trust

* Spending time with positive, supportive people

* Avoiding alcohol and drugs

Our Bereavement Team can guide our nurses in the direction
of full recovery.

----------------------------------------------------
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-=-=-
Kate
Loving Shenk is a writer, healer, musician and the creator
of the
e-book called "Transform Your Nursing Career and Discover
Your Calling
and Destiny." Click here to find out how to order the
e-book:
http://www.nursingcareertransformation.com Check Out Kate's
Blog:
http://www.nursehealers.typepad.com
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-=-=-=-

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